Genetic factors: Diseases caused by changes in genetic material, metabolic diseases list including abnormalities in the number and structure of chromosomes and genetic mutations. The most common disease is trisomy 21, also known as Down syndrome, trisomy 18.
Environmental factors: These include biological, chemical, physical and pharmacological factors that cause fetal developmental abnormalities.
Biological factors: Infection by major pathogens (including viruses, bacteria and parasites), pathogens infect the fetus through the placenta, mainly including TORCH pathogens group.
These include toxoplasmosis, rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, chickenpox, shingles virus, hepatitis virus, and syphilis spirochetes.
Chemical factors: pesticides use chemical fertilizers and other toxic products harmful chemical preparations: such as dichlorvos, trichlorfon, organic chlorine, organic mercury, hydrogen peroxide, and other chemicals.
Organic chlorine, organic mercury, hydrogen peroxide as herbicides, dibromoxypropane, dicumyl, and lead, cadmium, mercury, manganese, aluminum, and other heavy metals and high knowledge molecular structure compounds such as vinyl chloride, luting vinyl, acrylonitrile development, etc.
Physical factors: mainly radiation, noise, vibration, etc. For example, x-rays and other rays. Radiation can cause chromosomal aberrations and lead to fetal malformations.
Drugs: Many drugs can cause damage to the embryo. For example, anti-tumor drugs, antibiotics, anti-tuberculosis drugs such as streptomycin and kanamycin, hormones and live vaccines all have teratogenic risks.
Other:Smoking and alcohol consumption have a high risk of fetal malformation, such as delayed development, microcephaly and multiple microcephaly. Smoking can lead to miscarriage, premature birth, congenital heart disease and low birth weight.
